Francisco Oller
San Juan, PR, 1833 - 1917
San Juan, PR, 1833 - 1917
Painter and educator. Oller initiated the long tradition in Puerto Rican art of depicting scenes of Puerto Rico. He captured the beauty of the landscape and its tropical fruits, and he often painted scenes illustrating some of the island’s social ills. He first studied in San Juan under painter Juan Cletos Noa and later continued at the Real Academia de San Fernando in Madrid, under Federico Madrazo. In 1858, Oller traveled to Paris, where he frequented the studio of Thomas Couture and attended L'Académie Suisse and L'Ecole Imperiale et Spéciale de Dessin. He also frequented Gustave Courbet’s studio and met Camille Pissarro. In 1865 he returned to Puerto Rico and in 1870 he established an academy of drawing and painting in San Juan. In 1874, he returned to Paris, where he met Dr. Paul-Ferdinand Gachet (physician and friend to Vincent Van Gogh and the subject of one of Van Gogh’s most famous portraits), who purchased Oller’s work El estudiante (The Student). In 1884, after eight years in Madrid, his commitment to Puerto Rico led him to return to the island. In 1895, he traveled for the last time to Paris to exhibit his famous work El Velorio (The Wake). In 2006, the Ponce Art Museum organized an exhibition that traveled to the Worcester Art Museum in Massachusetts; the exhibition included Oller’s work as well as works by José Campeche and Miguel Pou. Oller’s artistic career spanned the period from the realism of Courbet to the Impressionists, with many of whom he established close friendships while he lived in Paris.
“Art these days differs from antiquity in numerous concepts and above all in its philosophic meaning. It seems that art among an agglomeration of people, somewhat ample, receives right away a social, political, and religious mission, thus contributing to the civilization of that society.
Art from our times must represent or, rather, criticize our actions in order to be beneficial. This is the only art that should be allowed and disseminated.
Our art is not joy, nor pleasure, nor fun. Art is more serious and more difficult than it was then.
Fantasy art is outdated; our duty these days is to assist reason: it is necessary that the artwork be conceived in such a manner as if the artist has invented nothing and in the presence of vulgar-looking realism, to compromise that same apparent vulgarity into a thoughtful observation.
That is our true art.”
Francisco Oller Speech at the Ecole Normale
Catalog, Francisco Oller, a realist impressionism, Ponce Art Museum, 1983
1858-1865
1863
1851
1907-1911
1903-1904
1898
1889
1868
1983
1959
1948
1893
1868
2013
2007
2006-2007
1992
1987
1973
1962
1929, 1931, 1933
1908
1878, 1881
1875
1854
1908
1897
1893
1872
1871
1855
1854
Delgado Mercado, Osiris. Historia de la pintura en Puerto Rico. Vol. 8, La Gran Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico. Madrid: Ediciones R, 1976.
Ferreras Pagan, J. Biografía de las riquezas de Puerto Rico, dos tomos. San Juan,
Benítez, Marimar; Hartup, Cheryl. Mi Puerto Rico : master painters of the island, 1780-1952. P.R. : Museo de Arte de Ponce, Ponce, 2006
José Campeche, Francisco Oller. Ateneo Puertorriqueño, San Juan, 1940.
Dávila, Arturo. José Campeche: Catálogo razonado, San Juan: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1971
Oller 1833-1917, Museo de Historia, Antropología y Arte, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, San Juan, 1948.
Francisco Oller, Museo de Historia, Antropología y Arte, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras, San Juan, 1959.
Paniagua Oller, Ángel. Biografía y catálogo de obras de Francisco Oller, 6 de junio de 1917 (manuscrito).
Atribuyen a Oller y Campeche, Óleos en la Iglesia de Coamo, El Mundo (San Juan, PR),, 30 de mayo de 1963.
Barrera, Héctor. Cuadro de un puertorriqueño en el Louvre, Escuela, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 5 de septiembre de 1956, pág. 6.
Boehm Oller, Emma. Francisco Oller, un pintor impresionista, Américas. XIX, octubre de 1976, págs.. 22-27.
Campeche, Oller y Ríos, en la Universidad de Puerto Rico. Periódico El Mundo (San Juan, PR), 5 de mayo de 1948.
Carreras, Carlos N. Vida y Obra de Francisco Oller y Cesteros, El Mundo (San Juan, PR), 7 de julio de 1935.
Corretjer, Juan Antonio. El Velorio, Periódico El Mundo (San Juan, PR), 25 de julio de 1959.
__________________. Oller Retratista, Periódico El Mundo (San Juan, PR), 1 de agosto de 1959.
__________________. Oller Pintor de Naturaleza Muerta, Periódico El Mundo (San Juan, PR), 8 de agosto de 1959.
Lopez Laborde, Jacinto. Homenaje al Ilustre Señor Francisco Oller de su Discípulo y Amigo, The Times (San Juan, PR), Puerto Rico, 8 de junio de 1917.
Martínez Plee, M. Don Francisco Oller, La Correspondencia de Puerto Rico El Mundo (San Juan, PR),26 de mayo de 1917.
Montalvo, William H. Cuadro de Francisco Oller se exhibe en el Museo del Louvre, El Imparcial, San Juan, 16 de agosto de 1956.
Oller, Francisco. Conocimientos necesarios para dibujar de la naturaleza y elementos de perspectiva al alcance de todos, El País (San Juan, PR), 1868 y 1902
Paniagua Picazo, Antonio. Francisco Oller, Exponente Máximo de la Pintura Puertorriqueña, El Imparcial, San Juan, 16 de junio de 1946.
Seijo Bruno, Miñi. La protesta social en la pintura de Francisco Oller, Claridad, 17 de junio de 1975.
Delgado Mercado, Osiris. Sinopsis histórica de las artes en Puerto Rico: Departamento de Instrucción Pública, San Juan, 1957.
___________________. Oller, Cézanne, Pissarro, Revista del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, III, núm. 7, abril-junio, 1960, págs. 8-12.
Fernández Náter, Amparo. El pintor Oller, Magazine Hispanoamericano, 1914, págs. 138-141.
Gaya Nuño, Juan Antonio. Dos paisajes franceses de Francisco Oller, Revista del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, abril- junio de 1962, págs. 1-4.
Hostos, Adolfo de. Francisco Oller, Boletín de la Academia de Artes y Ciencias de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, vol. V, núm. 2, abril-junio de 1969, págs. 198-204.
Ruíz de la Mata, Ernesto. Apuntes sobre Francisco Oller, Revista del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, San Juan, XIV, núm. 52, julio-septiembre de 1971, págs. 23-28.